What type of stresses have the rocks undergone to form the structures in Figure 11-1? *
In physics, stress is the forcefulness interim on the unit area of a textile. The event of stress on a body is named as strain. Stress can deform the body. How much forcefulness cloth experience tin can exist measured using stress units. Stress can be categorized into three categories depending upon the direction of the deforming forces acting on the torso. Let us study them 1 by one.
Stress UnitsTypes of StressSummaryQuestions
What is Stress?
When the deforming strength is applied to an object, the object deforms. In gild to bring the object back to the original shape and size, there will be an opposing forcefulness generated inside the object.
This restoring force volition exist equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the applied deforming forcefulness. The measure of this restoring forcefulness generated per unit area of the textile is called stress.
Thus, Stress is divers every bit "The restoring force per unit area of the cloth". Information technology is a tensor quantity. Denoted by Greek letter σ. Measured using Pascal or N/m ii. Mathematically expressed as –
\(\begin{array}{l}\sigma =\frac{F}{A}\cease{array} \)
- F is the restoring strength measured in Newton or N.
- A is the area of cross-section measured in m2.
- σ is the stress measured using Northward/m2 or Pa.
Stress Units
Stress tin be expressed using multiple units. Refer to the table given beneath for Stress units.
| | |
| Fundamental units | Kg.m-ane.southward-2 |
| SI (derived units) | N.m2 |
| SI (derived units) | Pa or pascal |
| SI (mm)(derived units) | M.Pa or N/(mm)ii |
| United states unit of measurement (ft) | lbf/ft2 |
| Us unit (inch) | Psi (lbf/inchtwo) |
Types of Stress
At that place are several types of stress in physics simply it is mainly categorized into two forms that are Normal Stress and Tangential or Shearing Stress. Some stress types are discussed in the points beneath.
Normal Stress:
Every bit the name suggests, Stress is said to be Normal stress when the direction of the deforming force is perpendicular to the cross-exclusive area of the body. The length of the wire or the volume of the body changes stress will exist at normal. Normal stress can be further classified into two types based on the dimension of force-
- Longitudinal stress
- Bulk Stress or Volumetric stress
Longitudinal Stress:
Consider a cylinder. When two cross-exclusive areas of the cylinder are subjected to equal and opposite forces the stress experienced by the cylinder is called longitudinal stress.
Longitudinal Stress = Deforming Strength / Surface area of cantankerous-section = F/A
As the name suggests, when the body is under longitudinal stress-
- The deforming force will exist interim along the length of the trunk.
- Longitudinal stress results in the change in the length of the body. Hence, thereby it affects slight change in diameter.
The Longitudinal Stress either stretches the object or compresses the object along its length. Thus, it tin exist further classified into 2 types based on the direction of deforming forcefulness-
- Tensile stress
- Compressive stress
Tensile Stress
If the deforming strength or applied force results in the increase in the object's length and then the resulting stress is termed as tensile stress. For example: When a rod or wire is stretched past pulling it with equal and opposite forces (outwards) at both ends.
Compressive Stress
If the deforming force or applied forcefulness results in the decrease in the object'southward length then the resulting stress is termed as compressive stress. For case: When a rod or wire is compressed/squeezed by pushing it with equal and contrary forces (inward) at both ends.
Bulk Stress or Book Stress
When the deforming forcefulness or applied forcefulness acts from all dimensions resulting in the change of volume of the object then such stress in chosen volumetric stress or Bulk stress. In short, when the volume of body changes due to the deforming force it is termed as Book stress.
Shearing Stress or Tangential Stress
When the direction of the deforming forcefulness or external force is parallel to the cross-sectional area, the stress experienced by the object is called shearing stress or tangential stress. This results in the change in the shape of the body
Summary
In short, stress can be visualized as –
Do Questions For Stress
Q1: What is Stress?
Ans: Stress is the measure of restoring strength per unit expanse.
Q2: What is the unit of Stress?
Ans: The unit of stress is pascal or N/mii.
Q3: What is the effect of deforming force?
Ans: The deforming force can alter the shape or volume or size of the object.
Q4: What is the management of the deforming force in the instance of shearing stress?
Ans: The deforming strength is parallel to the area of cross-section.
Q5: What is the nature of the restoring strength?
Ans: The restoring forcefulness is equal in magnitude and opposite in management to deforming force or external force.
Q6: Proper name the types of normal stress.
Ans: Longitudinal stress and bulk or volume stress are two types of normal stress.
Q7: What is the direction of the deforming force in the example of longitudinal stress?
Ans: The deforming forcefulness is perpendicular to the surface area of cross-section.
Q8: Name the types of longitudinal stress.
Ans: Tensile stress and compressive stress are the two types of longitudinal stress.
Q9: Define longitudinal stress.
Ans: Stress experienced past an object along its length due to the presence of equal and opposite deforming forces perpendicular to the area of cantankerous-department is called longitudinal stress.
Q10: What does bulk stress do to an object?
Ans: Bulk stress results in a modify in the volume of the object.
Q11: What does tangential stress do to an object?
Ans: Tangential stress results in a change in the shape of the object.
Q12: Define tangential or shear stress.
Ans: When the direction of the deforming forcefulness or external force is parallel to the cross-sectional expanse, the stress experienced by the object is called shearing stress or tangential stress.
Q13: Give the expression for stress and explain the terms.
Ans: The expression for stress is given by
\(\begin{array}{fifty}\sigma =\frac{F}{A}\end{assortment} \)
Where,
- F is the restoring forcefulness.
- A is the expanse of cantankerous-section.
- σ is the stress.
Q14: A rod is stretched by pulling at both the ends. Proper name the type of stress experienced past the rod.
Ans: Tensile stress.
Hope you have understood the topic Stress past learning what is stress? Information technology'south formula, Stress units, types of stress similar- Normal stress, shear stress or tangential stress, longitudinal stress, bulk stress or book stress, tensile stress, compressive stress.
Physics Related Topics:
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